Journal of Adult Education Journal of Adult Education is published annually in June by Institute of Adult and Continuing Education, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan. It invites the submission of manuscripts contributing to scholarly knowledge about adult education. Note for Contributors (1) The journal seeks to publish critical essays, research of all types, philosophical and heoretical pieces, and other scholarly work of relevance to those working in adult education. (2) All contributions are submitted 'blind' to at least two independent referees before acceptance for publication. (3) Manuscripts, ideally about 20,000 words, should be typewritten, double-space, on one side only of white A4 paper. (4) Article title, author's name, professional title, and institutional affiliation should appear on a separate cover sheet. Only the article title should appear on subsequent pages of facilitate blind review. (5) Authors should closely follow the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (4th edition) (6) Manuscripts must be in Chinese or English. Authors are invited to supply keywords of no more 10 words, and abstracts of no more than 500 words in English and/or Chinese, and these will be printed with accepted papers. (7) On final acceptance, manuscripts on a PC compatible 3.5" floppy disk (preferably in Word 7.0) will be requested. (8) Twenty offprints of each paper, together with two complete copies of the relevant journal issue, are supplied free. No contribution fee. (9) Manuscript submission indicates the author's commitment to publish in Journal of Adult Education and given the journal first publication rights. Any paper published should not be submitted. (10) The copyright belongs to the authors, but the publisher can reproduce the articles without the permission of the authors. These guidelines are available upon request. Please submit two copies of the manuscript by April 10th to the editor at the following address: Journal of Adult Education Institute of Adult and Continuing Education National Chung Cheng University, 160, San-Hsing, Ming-Hsung,Chia-Yi,621,Taiwan,R.O.C Tel:886-5-2721182 Fax:886-5-2721192