喪親少年的生命故事與偏差行為研究

侯南隆*、吳芝儀**

        本研究立基於建構論和敘事研究的觀點，旨在於瞭解少年在經歷喪親事件後，其主觀的內在生命世界裡，偏差行為的位置與意義；並致力於探討下列問題：(1)喪親少年如何經歷喪親的轉折和調適？(2)少年如何詮釋或建構喪親前後生活事件對他的意義？(3)喪親前後，少年的社會心理狀態有何轉變？(4)少年喪親與偏差行為有著怎樣的關聯？本研究的參與者為一位國小五年級時喪父且目前受法院保護管束中的國中二年級男生。本研究運用敘事訪談和建構方格訪談等方法蒐集資料，再分別以解釋互動論進行文本分析，和以群聚分析法進行建構意義分析。分析結果呈現下列數項主要發現：(1)喪親少年生命歷程的轉折與調適，可區分為遽然喪父、不可承受之重、逃離傷痛、墮落旅程、母愛慈輝等幾個重要歷程；(2)喪親事件對少年而言是一個具決定性的關鍵點，少年對喪親前後事件的意義建構可區分為「變好的力量」和「變壞的力量」；(3)少年喪親後的社會心理狀態經歷一個擺盪的歷程，包括自我定位的擺盪、約束與自由的擺盪、疏離與依附的擺盪等；(4)少年喪親、自我認定狀態和偏差行為之間有著循環影響的關連。本研究發現將為協助喪親少年解除失落之悲傷的輔導策略提供可參考的依據。
關鍵詞：喪親少年、生命故事、偏差行為、建構論、敘事研究

*侯南隆為南華大學生死學研究所碩士，現職憲兵學校心理輔導老師。本文擷取自侯碩士論文之部分。
**吳芝儀為該論文指導教授之一，現職國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所副教授。本文由吳依據兩位匿名審查委員的意見加以修正完成。


An Adolescent's Life Story: Exploring the link between parental death and deviant behavior

Nan-Lung Hou Chih-Yi Wu

     Based on a constructivist perspective and narrative inquiries, this study is aimed to understand the subjective world of an adolescent with parental death and how the painful event affected his psychosocial states and resulted in deviant behavior. The participant lost his father when he was aged 11, and committed deviant acts and crimes afterwards. He was aged 14 and under probation by court at the time when he participated the study. Four research questions were investigated by the study: (1) How the adolescent adjusted to the bereavement of parental death? (2) How the adolescent interpreted or construed the meaning of the painful event? (3) How the adolescent's psychosocial states shifted during and after the happening of the event? And (4) how the event of parental death affected the adolescent's deviant behavior? 
The study conducted narrative interviews and grid interviews to collect descriptive data and grid data, which were then analyzed by means of text analysis and cluster analysis. 
The main findings include the followings: (1) The adolescent had gone through "the trauma of losing Father", "the responsibility too heavy to undertake", "running away from the bereavement", "the way to delinquency", and "the caring and love of Mother". (2) Parental death is a critical incident, which was construed as a transitional point of "being the good" and "being the bad". (3) The adolescent's psychosocial states shifted on his self-identity, between constraint and freedom, and between alienation and attachment. (4) The relationships among parental death, adolescent's psychosocial states, and deviant behaviors can be delineated by a circular model. 


Key words: life story, parental death, deviant behavior, constructivism, narrative research