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一般少年與犯罪少年道德認知發展之比較研究
----Gibbs的道德認知發展理論之運用
陳建安
國立中正大學犯罪防治研究所研究生
謝靜琪
世新大學社會心理學系副教授
摘要
雖然在國內文獻上常提及道德認知發展與犯罪行為之關係，且一致認為與犯罪行為可能有高度的相關，但是對於犯罪人的道德認知發展實證之研究卻一直未受國內研究者所重視，並且甚少有研究者對此方面做研究。
本研究乃是應用Gibbs的SRM-SF道德發展測量工具，並結合量化與質性內容分析研究方法，對一般少年與與犯罪少年的道德認知發展做比較研究。一般少年（國三與高一）45名，平均年齡為14.8歲，犯罪少年（桃輔與少監）67名，平均年齡16.9歲。本研究結果發現，犯罪少年道德發展階段比一般少年低，且其間的差異達統計顯著水準（F=47.4715 P=.000<.01 N=112）。而在量表十一題中，有第一、二與七題犯罪少年與一般少年之間的道德發展分數未達顯著差異水準，其餘皆達統計顯著差異水準。犯罪少年道德認知發展平均在第二階。而年齡與道德認知發展分數（SRMs）的關係，一般少年r=.0803(P>.05 N=45)，並未達顯著水準，而犯罪少年r=-.0363 (P>.05 N=67)亦未達顯著水準。但整體的年齡與道德認知發展分數為負相關，且達統計相關水準（r=-.3884 P<.001 N=112)。以成績、年齡與犯罪與否做迴歸分析，其預測模式的整體解釋力達0.318。而犯罪與否達統計差異顯著水準（t=-3.218，P<.01）。
在質性內容分析中發現，犯罪青少年較一般青少年有自我中心、利益的道德價值觀。此外就一般少年而言似乎有明顯的被害恐懼感，特別是幫助陌生人。
關鍵字：犯罪少年、道德認知發展、道德推理、社會道德沈思法精簡版（SRM-SF）
A Comaprative Study of Moral Cognitive Development of High School Adolescents and Juvenile Delinquents: An Application of
Gibbs's Moral Cognitive Development Theory
Chi-An Chen
Graduate Institute of Criminology
National Chung Cheng University
Ching-Chi Hsieh
Department of Social Psychology
Shih Hsin University
ABSTRACT
Although the relationship between moral cognitive development and delinquent behavior has been stated in domestic literature and that researchers have reached an agreement that there is possibly strong correlation between moral cognitive development and delinquent behavior, however empirical study toward offender's moral cognitive development has been neglected.
The current study employed Gibb's SRM-SF, moral development measurement and used both quantitative and qualitative methods to compare moral cognitive development between high school adolescents and juvenile delinquents. The sample contained 45 high school students whose average age was 14.8, and 67 institutionalized juvenile delinquents whose average age was 16.9. The study found that the juvenile delinquents' moral development was significantly lower than the high school adolescents'(F=47.47, P<0.01). Among 11 questions in the measurement, eight of them had significant difference between the juvenile delinquents and the high school adolescent, but three of the questions, the first, the second, and the seventh, didn't had significant difference between the two groups of adolescents. The average level of moral cognitive development for the juvenile delinquents was at the second level. The correlations between age and SRMs were not significant neither for high school sample nor for institutional sample. However, there was a significant negative correlation between age and SRMs in the combined sample. The predicting power of the regression model with grade, age, and crime involvement was statistically significant predictor. The result from a content analysis in the current study indicated that juvenile delinquents were more likely to be egocentric and have self-interested moral values than their counter parts. High school adolescents tended to have higher fear of crime than juvenile delinquents, especially when they were helping strangers.
Keyword:juvenile delinquent, moral cognitive development, moral reasoning, J. Gibbs, SRM-SF
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